Ask a Vet Tech: What to Do if Your Cat Has a UTI 

In this article, a licensed veterinary technician tells us what to do if a cat has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and how to prevent them.

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is an umbrella term encompassing various problems affecting the lower urinary tract of cats, including UTIs. While UTIs are not as common as other issues, such as urinary stones and feline idiopathic cystitis, UTIs require prompt veterinary attention. Understanding the causes, symptoms, treatments, and prevention can help you provide the best care for your feline friend. Here’s what to do if your cat has a UTI.

What Are Urinary Tract Infections in Cats?

A UTI occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract, leading to inflammation and discomfort. While UTIs are more common in older cats and those with underlying health issues, any cat can develop one. UTIs can cause painful, frequent urination and, if left untreated, can lead to other serious complications. Male cats can develop a urinary blockage from a UTI when inflammation leads to an accumulation of mucus and cellular debris, creating a “plug” that blocks urine flow. Urethral spasm or swelling secondary to inflammation in the lower urinary tract can also result in a blockage. A urethral obstruction is a medical emergency that can be fatal without urgent treatment.

What Causes a UTI in Cats?

UTIs are often secondary to an underlying condition. Common risk factors include:

• Pre-existing Health Issues: Cats with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and kidney disease are more prone to UTIs.
• Stress: Anxiety can contribute to urinary tract issues.
• Obesity: Skin folds around the genitals of overweight cats can trap moisture and bacteria.
• Litterbox Cleanliness: A dirty litterbox can harbor bacteria, which increases the risk of infection.

Female Cat UTI Symptoms

Female cats are more susceptible to UTIs than males because their urethras are shorter and wider, making it easier for bacteria to enter the bladder. Common symptoms of a UTI in female cats include:

• Blood in the urine
• Frequent trips to the litterbox
• Urinating outside the litterbox
• Excessive licking of the genital area 
• Crying out in pain while urinating
• Lethargy
• Hiding
• Decreased appetite

Male Cat UTI Symptoms

The symptoms in males are similar to females, though males are at a higher risk for a life-threatening obstruction as their long, thin urethras can get blocked more easily. A telltale sign of a urethral obstruction is straining to urinate with no or very little urine output. Life-threatening consequences can occur in as little as 12 hours, so call your veterinarian immediately if you notice any of the following:

• Straining to urinate
• Frequent trips to the litterbox with little to no urine output
• Crying or vocalizing while urinating
• Blood in the urine
• Urinating outside the litterbox 
• Excessive licking of the genital area
• Signs of pain or discomfort, such as meowing loudly, hiding, or lethargy
• Loss of appetite or vomiting

If you suspect your cat has a UTI, contact your veterinarian. While waiting for your appointment, you can keep your cat more comfortable by:

• Offering fresh, clean water and canned food to increase moisture intake.
• Providing an extra litterbox to make access easier.
• Ensuring a warm, comfortable place to rest away from the main areas of the house.
• Monitoring your cat closely and watching for sudden changes in behavior. If your cat stops urinating completely, cries out in pain, or becomes lethargic, seek emergency care.

Treatment for UTIs in Cats

Do not try to treat a suspected UTI at home. Your veterinarian will perform a complete physical exam, often including a urinalysis and other diagnostic tests such as bloodwork, ultrasound, and X-rays. If your cat has a bacterial UTI, they will need antibiotics, and your vet may prescribe anti-inflammatory meds to alleviate discomfort. Cats with urinary obstructions require emergency treatment, typically involving sedation or anesthesia, to place a catheter to flush out the blockage.

Preventing UTIs in Cats

Your veterinarian may recommend a prescription urinary diet if your cat has recurring problems. While not all UTIs are preventable, these steps can minimize the risk:

• Support hydration by providing fresh, clean water at all times.
• Feed canned food to increase fluid intake.
• Keep the litterbox clean to encourage regular urination. No one wants to use a dirty bathroom!
• Minimize stress by avoiding changes in routine, providing enrichment to keep your cat entertained, and using pheromone diffusers.
• Schedule regular veterinary check-ups to help detect urinary issues early on.
• Report changes in urination frequency, color, or odor to your veterinarian.

Cats depend on their humans for everything from a safe home filled with love to nutritious food, fresh water, a clean litterbox, and regular veterinary care. Not only can urinary issues signal an underlying health problem, but they can be painful and life-threatening if left untreated. Consult your veterinarian at the first sign of trouble to help keep your purrecious feline friend feeling great.