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Military Factsheet References

1 Wisniewska M. Letter from PETA to the secretary of defense. May 5, 2026. PETA.org. Accessed May 27, 2026. https://www.peta.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-05-06-letter-to-secwar-re-animal-testing.pdf

2 PETA urges Pentagon to stop foreign animal testing costing more than $21M since 2019. May 11, 2026. Military.com. Accessed May 27, 2026. https://www.military.com/peta-urges-pentagon-to-stop-foreign-animal-testing-costing-more-than-21m-since-illion-for-useless-experiments-on-animals-that-dont-advance-human-health-according-to-public-records-obtained-by-peta

3 PETA to Navy: Ban the use of animals in cruel decompression tests. May 29, 2025. PETA.org. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://support.peta.org/page/43766/action/1?locale=en-US

4 PETA to U.S. Military: Ban weapon-wounding tests on dogs, cats, and others. May 29, 2025. PETA.org. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://support.peta.org/page/49917/action/1?locale=en-US

5 Department of War. ACURO policy on work conducted in foreign countries. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://mrdc.health.mil/assets/docs/orp/acuro/ACURO_policy_on_work_in_foreign_countries_final.pdf

6 Project Grant 12942882—Evaluation of a novel T cell-derived peptide for delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to treat DMD cardiomyopathy. Defense Technical Information Center. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.12942882

7 Project Grant 14882147—Role of chemoreceptors as microgravity sensors—an approach from preclinical model to human performance and spaceflight. Defense Technical Information Center. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.14882147

8 Project Grant 14526254—Towards autonomous marine biobots by direct brain stimulation: The ultimate conjunction of artificial intelligence and brain sciences. Defense Technical Information Center. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.14526254

9 Project Grant N000142212749—The role of GABA in susceptibility to oxygen toxicity with repeated HBO2 exposure. Award profile grant summary. USA Spending.gov. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_N000142212749_1700

10 Project Grant N000142212818—Neuroinflammation and glymphatic dysfunction in decompression sickness. Award profile grant summary. USA Spending.gov. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_N000142212818_1700

11 Project Grant N000142312543—Biophysical drivers of decompression tolerance in cell membranes. Award profile grant summary. USA Spending.gov. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_N000142312543_1700

12 Project Grant N000142312717—Seizure genesis in CNS oxygen toxicity: Animal studies. Award profile grant summary. USA Spending.gov. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_N000142312717_1700

13 Wisniewska M. Letter from PETA and U.S. Navy veterans to Secretary of Defense Austin LJ and Secretary of the Navy Del Toro C, asking to end decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity tests on animals. April 9, 2024. Accessed February 4, 2026. https://www.peta.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-04-09-letter-to-sec-navy-sec-def-re-nmrc-dcs-dci.pdf

14 Cronin WA, Khan K, Hall AA, Bodo M, Mahon RT. The effect of the perfluorocarbon emulsion Oxycyte™ in an ovine model of severe decompression illness. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2021;48(1):25-31. doi:10.22462/01.03.2021.3

15 Lillo RS, Himm JF, Weathersby PK, Temple DJ, Gault KA, Dromsky DM. Using animal data to improve prediction of human decompression risk following air-saturation dives. J Appl Physiol. 2002: 93(1), 216–226.

16 Walsh et al. 2017.

17 Toropin K. Navy ends ‘gruesome’ testing on sheep after PETA protests. February 1, 2023. Military.com. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://www.military.com/daily-news/2023/02/01/navy-ends-gruesome-testing-sheep-after-peta-protests.html

18 Pons S, Balsam MJ. Letter on behalf of PETA to the secretary of the Navy, the Honorable Carlos Del Toro. June 8, 2022. PETA.org. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://www.peta.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2022-06-08-letter-to-usn-re-dcs-tests.pdf

19 Project Grant HDTRA12210024—Assessing the impact of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition on cognition and brain neurochemistry. Award profile grant summary. DTIC. Accessed March 2, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.13038382

20 Project Grant HT9425-23-2-0008—Dual threat combat injury: Optimizing combat casualty care for combined trauma/shock and chemical attack (C4TraCe): A translational combat-relevant model. Award profile grant summary. DTIC. Accessed March 2, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.13740499

21 Project Grant HT9425-24-1-0789—Pluripotent stem cell–derived corneal endothelial cells for treatment of combat laser-induced corneal edema and vision restoration. Award profile grant summary. DTIC. Accessed March 2, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.14075321

22 Project Grant HT9425-24-1-0979—Cargocytes as countermeasures for radiation-induced dermatitis. DTIC. Accessed April 1, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.14273422

23 Project Grant HT9425-23-1-0823—Development of a stable and effective off-the-shelf wound care treatment for combat burn injuries. DTIC. Accessed April 3, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.13740627

24 Project Grant W81XWH-22-1-0932—Expandable hemostats for treatment of noncompressible intracavitary hemorrhage. DTIC. Accessed April 3, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.13055957

25 Project Grant W81XWH-21-1-0984. Aligning dosimetry and biomarkers of lung injury with prophylaxis and mitigation of damage from radionuclides and metals. DTIC. Accessed April 2, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.9843109

26 Project Grant W81XWH-22-1-0741—Roles of mechanosensitive channels in pressure wave-induced retinal damage. DTIC. Accessed April 2, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.13859127

27 Project Grant: HT9425-24-1-0842. Development of a novel therapeutic to treat DNA damage associated with atypical burns. DTIC. Accessed April 2, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.14273421

28 Wisniewska M. Letter from PETA and U.S. Army veterans to the secretary of the army Wormuth CE, asking to end weapon-wounding tests on animals. November 11, 2024. Accessed February 4, 2026. https://www.peta.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2024-11-14-letter-to-sec-army-w-army-vets-to-ban-weapons-wounding-on-animals.pdf

29 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command. USAMRDC Policy 84: Animal research and medical training involving wounding. January 15, 2020. PETA.org. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://www.peta.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MRDC-Policy-84-Wounding.pdf

30 Doornbos C. Army secretly allows shooting dogs, cats for research. September 30, 2022. New York Post. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://nypost.com/2022/09/30/army-secretly-allows-shooting-dogs-cats-for-research/

31 David Smith. Letter from Defense Health Agency to PETA. December 4, 2025. Accessed February 4, 2026. https://www.peta.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Defense-Health-Agency-Response-to-PETA.pdf

32 Trøstrup H, Thomsen K, Calum H, Høiby N, Moser C. Animal models of chronic wound care: The application of biofilms in clinical research. CWCMR. 2016;3:123–132. doi.org/10.2147/CWCMR.S84361

33 Nuutila K, Katayama S, Vuola J, Kankuri E. Human wound-healing research: Issues and perspectives for studies using wide-scale analytic platforms. Adv Wound Care. 2014;3(3):264–271. doi: 10.1089/wound.2013.0502

34 Seligman L. The Pentagon is funding experiments on animals to recreate ‘Havana Syndrome.’ March 9, 2023. Politico. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/09/pentagon-funding-experiments-animals-havana-syndrome-00086393

35 Pelley S, Zill de Granados O, Rey M. March 8, 2026. U.S. military tested device that may be tied to Havana syndrome on rats, sheep, confidential sources say (60 Minutes transcript). CBS News. Accessed May 27, 2026. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-military-tested-device-that-may-be-tied-to-havana-syndrome-60-minutes-transcript/

36 Ward A. and Berg M. November 16, 2023. Why bin Laden’s letter went viral on TikTok. Politico. Please see the section titled DOD Cancels ‘Havana Syndrome’ Grant. Accessed March 4, 2026. https://www.politico.com/newsletters/national-security-daily/2023/11/16/why-bin-ladens-letter-went-viral-on-tiktok-00127618

37 Project Grant Number N629092412015—Toward autonomous marine biobots by direct brain stimulation: The ultimate conjunction of artificial intelligence and brain sciences. Defense Technical Information Center. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.14526254

38 Project Grant Number W81XWH-22-1-0556—Small-volume ALM therapy for resuscitation and stabilization following combined burn injury and hemorrhagic shock. Defense Technical Information Center. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.12942939

39 Project Grant Number FA95502410248—Role of chemoreceptors as microgravity sensors—an approach from preclinical model to human performance and spaceflight. Defense Technical Information Center. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.14882147

40 Project Grant Number W81XWH-22-1-0801—Evaluation of a novel T cell–derived peptide for delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to treat DMD cardiomyopathy. Defense Technical Information Center. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://dtic.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.12942882

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“Almost all of us grew up eating meat, wearing leather, and going to circuses and zoos. We never considered the impact of these actions on the animals involved. For whatever reason, you are now asking the question: Why should animals have rights?”

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